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The minimum values are all calculated using a linear function y = kx+m where y is the calculated minimum value, x is the current enchantment power level and k and m varies between different enchantments. The maximum values are all the minimum values plus a constant that varies for each enchantment.


Please note 
These are not the levels you need to pay to be able to receive specific enchantments, you must also take into account the modification of levels that occur in step one.
Armor Enchantment Modified Enchantment level
I II III IV V
Protection 11 – 20
Fire Protection 8 – 12 4 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Feather Falling 6 – 10 4 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Blast Protection 8 – 12 4 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Projectile Protection 6 – 15 4 – 0 0 – 0
Respiration 10 – 30 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Aqua Affinity 0 – 40
Thorns 20 – 50 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Depth Strider 10 – 15 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Frost Walker 10 – 15 2 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Curse of Binding 0 – 25 1 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Sword Enchantment Modified Enchantment level
I II III IV V
Sharpness 11 – 20
Smite 8 – 20 5 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Bane of Arthropods 8 – 20 5 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Knockback 20 – 50 2 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Fire Aspect 20 – 50 2 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Looting 9 – 50 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Sweeping Edge 9 – 15 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Bow Enchantment Modified Enchantment level
I II III IV V
Power 10 – 15
Punch 20 – 25 2 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Flame 0 – 30 1 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Infinity 0 – 30 1 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Tool Enchantment Modified Enchantment level
I II III IV V
Efficiency 10 – 50
Silk Touch 0 – 50 1 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Fortune 9 – 50 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Fishing Rod Enchantment Modified Enchantment level
I II III IV V
Luck of the Sea 9 – 50 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Lure 9 – 50 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
"Anything" Enchantment Modified Enchantment level
I II III IV V
Unbreaking 8 – 50 3 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Mending 25 – 50 1 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0
Curse of Vanishing 0 – 25 1 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0 0 – 0

Source:[1]

Note: that extremely high modified enchantment levels can fall outside the ranges of all valid enchantments for the item. If this happens, the item is left un-enchanted, but you are not charged any experience levels and can try enchanting it again.

  1. Minecraft 1.4.6 source code
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