Status effect

A status effect is a helpful or harmful condition that affects an entity. Status effects can be inflicted in various ways throughout the game, including consuming potions and some food items, being in the range of beacons and conduits, and being attacked by or close to certain mobs.

The /effect command allows players to inflict effects upon themselves and other entities.

Behavior[edit]

Any entities inflicted by a status effect are affected in various ways for an amount of time. During the effect, spiral-shaped particles emanate from the position of the inflicted entity. For most effects, higher levels increase the strength of the effect.

In Java Edition, players can open their inventory to see any current status effects afflicted upon them, as well as its level and duration. In Bedrock Edition, effects are displayed in a separate screen, which can be opened by pressing Z on a keyboard, pressing // on a controller, or tapping the status effect icon when using touch controls.

Internally, and in the /effect command and potion Amplifier NBT tags, the game stores an "amplifier" value, which is one less than the displayed level. For example, Strength II has an amplifier of 1.

Due to the way this amplifier is stored in NBT, amplifiers of 128 to 255 (levels 129 to 256) in NBT tags (e.g. on potions) are treated as if they were −128 to −1 (levels −127 to 0) respectively.‌^{[Java Edition only]} The /effect command initially applies such amplifiers in their positive-valued sense but this is later converted to the negative-valued interpretation, leading to inconsistent results. In Bedrock Edition, amplifiers above 127 translate to positive levels, like other amplifiers.

Any number of different status effects, including opposing effects such as Strength and Weakness, can be simultaneously active on a player. However, it is not possible to apply the same effect multiple times, even if they are of different levels (e.g. Strength and Strength II). When applying an effect already active on the player, higher levels overwrite lower levels, and higher durations overwrite lower durations of the same level.

In Java Edition, when the stronger effect then overrides the weaker effect, the weaker effect remains, but is hidden. It returns after the stronger effect expires, if the weaker effect has a higher duration than the stronger effect. This change makes it impossible to create custom potion antidotes by applying an amplified effect with a one tick duration.^[verify]

In Bedrock Edition, when a stronger effect overrides the weaker effect, the weaker effect is deleted and does not return.^[1]

Note that even with commands, effects cannot be made to last forever. If an effect is set to last a time greater than 32766 (2¹⁵−2) ticks, 27 minutes and 18 seconds, or 1638 seconds, it displays as "**:**", but still continues ticking down and eventually expires.

All status effects can be removed by drinking milk, dying, being saved from death by a totem of undying, or traveling through the return portal in the End. Singleplayer users with cheats enabled and operators in multiplayer servers can use /effect clear <playername>‌^{[Java Edition only]} or /effect <playername> clear‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]} to achieve the same goal.

Damage dealt by status effects (a kind of "magical damage") completely bypasses armor, making it a good way to deal with highly-armored targets (Protection enchantments reduce damage taken from status effects in Java Edition only). Witches are the only mob to have natural protection against status effects, taking 85% less‌^{[Java Edition only]} or 95% less‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]} damage from status effects, except Wither^[verify].

Summary of effects[edit]

Name	Effect	Type^{[n 1]}
Speed	Increases walking speed, higher levels make the player faster	Positive
Slowness	Decreases walking speed, higher levels make the player slower	Negative
Haste	Increases mining and attack speed, higher levels increase the player's mining and attack speed	Positive
Mining Fatigue	Decreases mining and attack speed, higher levels decrease the player's mining and attack speed	Negative
Strength	Increases melee damage, higher levels make the player do more melee damage	Positive
Weakness	Decreases melee damage, higher levels decrease more melee damage	Negative
Instant Health	Heals living entities, damages undead, higher levels heal more health (opposite for undead)	Positive (Negative for undead)
Instant Damage	Damages living entities, heals undead, higher levels do more damage (opposite for undead)	Negative (Positive for undead)
Jump Boost	Increases jump height and reduces fall damage, higher levels make the player jump higher and reduces more fall damage	Positive
Nausea	Wobbles and warps the screen	Negative
Regeneration	Regenerates health over time, higher levels make health regenerate quicker	Positive
Resistance	Reduces damage, higher levels reduce more damage	Positive
Fire Resistance	Gives the immunity to fire and lava.	Positive
Water Breathing	Prevents drowning and lets the player breathe underwater	Positive
Invisibility	Grants invisibility, making the player invisible (but not the item they hold or the armor they wear)	Positive
Blindness	Impairs vision and disables the ability to sprint and critical hit	Negative
Night Vision	Negates darkness	Positive
Hunger	Increases food exhaustion, higher levels cause the player to starve quicker	Negative
Poison	Inflicts damage over time (but can't kill), higher levels do more damage per second	Negative
Wither	Inflicts damage over time (can kill), higher levels do more damage per second	Negative
Health Boost	Increases maximum health, higher levels give the player more health	Positive
Absorption	Adds damage absorption, higher levels give more absorption	Positive
Saturation	Restores hunger and saturation	Positive
Glowing‌^{[Java Edition only]}	Outlines entities (can be seen through blocks)	Neutral
Levitation	Floats entities upward	Negative
Luck ‌^{[Java Edition only]}	Can increase chances of high-quality and more loot, higher levels increase the chances of better loot	Positive
Bad Luck ‌^{[Java Edition only]}	Can reduce chances of high-quality and more loot, higher levels reduce the chance of good loot	Negative
Fatal Poison‌^{[Bedrock Edition only]}	Inflicts damage over time and potentially kills	Negative
Slow Falling	Decreases falling speed and negates fall damage	Positive
Conduit Power	Increases underwater visibility and mining speed, prevents drowning	Positive
Dolphin's Grace‌^{[Java Edition only]}	Increases swimming speed (only obtainable from dolphins)	Positive
Bad Omen	Causes an illager raid to start upon entering a village (only received from an Illager captain upon its death)	Negative
Hero of the Village	Gives discounts on trades with villagers	Positive

↑ In Java Edition, positive effects are displayed on the upper row of effects in the heads up display, while negative and neutral effects are displayed in the bottom row.

Effect IDs[edit]

Java Edition:

Effect	Name	Numeral ID
Speed	`speed`	1
Slowness	`slowness`	2
Haste	`haste`	3
Mining Fatigue	`mining_fatigue`	4
Strength	`strength`	5
Instant Health	`instant_health`	6
Instant Damage	`instant_damage`	7
Jump Boost	`jump_boost`	8
Nausea	`nausea`	9
Regeneration	`regeneration`	10
Resistance	`resistance`	11
Fire Resistance	`fire_resistance`	12
Water Breathing	`water_breathing`	13
Invisibility	`invisibility`	14
Blindness	`blindness`	15
Night Vision	`night_vision`	16
Hunger	`hunger`	17
Weakness	`weakness`	18
Poison	`poison`	19
Wither	`wither`	20
Health Boost	`health_boost`	21
Absorption	`absorption`	22
Saturation	`saturation`	23
Glowing	`glowing`	24
Levitation	`levitation`	25
Luck	`luck`	26
Bad Luck	`unluck`	27
Slow Falling	`slow_falling`	28
Conduit Power	`conduit_power`	29
Dolphin's Grace	`dolphins_grace`	30
Bad Omen	`bad_omen`	31
Hero of the Village	`hero_of_the_village`	32

Bedrock Edition:

Effect	Name	Numeral ID
Speed	`speed`	1
Slowness	`slowness`	2
Haste	`haste`	3
Mining Fatigue	`mining_fatigue`	4
Strength	`strength`	5
Instant Health	`instant_health`	6
Instant Damage	`instant_damage`	7
Jump Boost	`jump_boost`	8
Nausea	`nausea`	9
Regeneration	`regeneration`	10
Resistance	`resistance`	11
Fire Resistance	`fire_resistance`	12
Water Breathing	`water_breathing`	13
Invisibility	`invisibility`	14
Blindness	`blindness`	15
Night Vision	`night_vision`	16
Hunger	`hunger`	17
Weakness	`weakness`	18
Poison	`poison`	19
Wither	`wither`	20
Health Boost	`health_boost`	21
Absorption	`absorption`	22
Saturation	`saturation`	23
Levitation	`levitation`	24
Fatal Poison	`fatal_poison`	25
Conduit Power	`conduit_power`	26
Slow Falling	`slow_falling`	27
Bad Omen	`bad_omen`	28
Hero of the Village	`village_hero`	29

Achievements[edit]

Achievement	In-game description	Actual requirements (if different)	Gamerscore earned	Trophy type (PS)
Stayin' Frosty	Swim in lava while having the Fire Resistance effect.	—	20G	Bronze
Free Diver	Stay underwater for 2 minutes	Drink a potion of water breathing that can last for 2 minutes or more, then jump into the water or activate a conduit or sneak on a magma block underwater for 2 minutes.	20G	Silver
Great View From Up Here	Levitate up 50 blocks from the attacks of a Shulker	—	20G	Bronze
We're being attacked!	Trigger a Pillager Raid.	Walk in a village with the Bad Omen effect applied.	20G	Bronze
I've got a bad feeling about this	Kill a Pillager Captain.	—	20G	Bronze

Advancements[edit]

Advancement	In-game description	Parent	Actual requirements (if different)	Namespaced ID
A Furious Cocktail	Have every potion effect applied at the same time	Local Brewery	Have all of these 13 potion effects applied to the player at the same time. Beacon effects also count for the purposes of this advancement. Other potion effects, if any, may be applied to the player, but are ignored for this advancement.	`nether/all_potions`
How Did We Get Here?	Have every effect applied at the same time	A Furious Cocktail	Have all of these 26 effects applied to the player at the same time. Beacon effects also count for the purposes of this advancement. Other status effects, if any, may be applied to the player, but are ignored for this advancement. Note: This is a hidden advancement, meaning that it can be viewed by the player only after completing it.	`nether/all_effects`
Great View From Up Here	Levitate up 50 blocks from the attacks of a Shulker	The City at the End of the Game	Move a distance of 50 blocks with the Levitation effect applied.	`end/levitate`
Voluntary Exile	Kill a raid captain. Maybe consider staying away from villages for the time being...	Adventure	Kill an entity in the `#raiders` entity tag wearing an ominous banner.	`adventure/voluntary_exile`
Hero of the Village	Successfully defend a village from a raid	Voluntary Exile	Note: This is a hidden advancement, meaning that it can be viewed by the player only after completing it.	`adventure/hero_of_the_village`

History[edit]

Java Edition Beta
1.8		Pre-release		The first 19 status effects have been introduced, 8 of which are nonfunctional. No potions are added yet, so the only effects that are obtainable are Regeneration (golden apples), Hunger (raw chicken and rotten flesh), and Poison (cave spiders).
Java Edition
1.0.0		Beta 1.9 Prerelease 2		Potions have been added, but are unobtainable without inventory editing. All effects can appear on potions, but Invisibility and Night Vision still do not function.
		Beta 1.9 Prerelease 2		Drinking milk now clears all status effects.
		Beta 1.9 Prerelease 3		Potions have been revamped and made obtainable. As part of this, 7 effects no longer exist as potions and have become unused.
1.3.1		12w21a		An enchanted golden apple made from blocks of gold has been added, and induced, among others, the formerly unused Resistance status effect.
1.3.1		12w26a		Monster spawners can now be customized using third-party world editors and set to spawn mobs with status effects.
1.4.2		12w32a		Beacons have been added (to Creative only) and can be used to give status effects to players around them. Several effects without a potion can now be induced, including the formerly unused Haste and Jump Boost effects.
		12w32a		Villager zombies under the effects of a potion of Weakness can now be given a golden apple to cure it.
		12w39a		Using external programs, potions can now be changed to give different or multiple effects for any length.
1.5		13w09b		Using `/effect` the player can now apply potion effects to other players, with a maximum value of 4.
1.5		13w09c		`/effect` now has a level limit of 255.
1.6.1		13w23a		Regeneration and Instant Health have been slightly nerfed, having Regeneration heal twice as slow and Instant Health be 33% less potent.
		13w23b		Added Health Boost effect. It is activated after eating the 1st tier of the golden apple. The enchanted tier does not give the effect at all.
		13w23b		Regeneration has been increased from level 1 to 2 on the normal golden apple, and increased from level 4 to 5 on the enchanted golden apple.
		13w24a		Spiders now have a rare chance to spawn with status effects on hard difficulty.
		13w24b		Added Absorption effect.
		13w24b		Health Boost no longer activate after eating a golden apple. The Absorption effect is now triggered after eating either tier of the golden apple, and lasts for 2 minutes.
		pre		Added Saturation effect.
1.6.2		release		Extra health from Absorption effect no longer reappears every 30 seconds.^{[is this the correct version?]}
1.8		14w06a		Added the ability to disable effect particles.
		14w25a		Mining Fatigue mechanics have been adjusted. There is no longer a 20 percentage point reduction per level.
		14w27a		Potion of Leaping has been added.
		14w27a		Jump Boost now has bright green particles.
		14w28a		Effects now accept named IDs, as well as numerical IDs.
1.9		15w31a		Added Levitation status effect, received when player is hit by a shulker projectile.
				Added Glowing status effect, which is received when players or mobs are hit by spectral arrows.
				Status effects are now displayed on the HUD, instead of just in the inventory.
		15w33a		Strength was changed from +130% damage bonus per level to 3 damage per level. Weakness was changed from 0.5 × 0.25 damage reduction to 4.
		15w34b		Haste and Mining Fatigue affect the new `attackSpeed` attribute.
		15w44b		New status effects, Luck and Bad Luck.
				Tipped arrows now display the effect's time, same as potions.
				Tipped arrows are now able to be obtained in survival.
		15w49a		Health Boost and Absorption icons have now changed to look different.
1.13		18w14a		Added the Slow Falling status effect, which is obtained by drinking a potion of Slow Falling or being hit by an arrow of Slow Falling.
		18w15a		Added the Conduit Power status effect, which is obtained by activating a conduit.
		18w16a		Conduit Power now gives off a different effect.
		18w19a		Added the Dolphin's Grace status effect, which is obtained by swimming near dolphins.
1.14		18w47a		Added the Bad Omen status effect, which is obtained by killing a raid captain. The texture of the effect was later changed to
		19w08a		Each individual status effect icon texture is now found in a separate texture file.
		19w13a		Added the Hero of the Village status effect, obtained after defeating a raid triggered by Bad Omen.
1.15		19w41a		Saturation, Instant Health, and Instant damage now have icons.
1.15.2		Pre-Release 1		When a stronger effect overwrites a weaker effect, the weaker effect now returns after the stronger effect expires if the weaker effect duration has not yet expired.^[2]
Pocket Edition Alpha
0.11.0		December 2, 2014		Jeb tweets an image of status effects in progress.
				When the player is affected with a status effect, there are tabs on the right side of the screen that shows what effects are currently afflicted.
				Jeb states that the only effects obtainable are Poison and Nausea, due to potions not being implemented yet.
		December 4, 2014		Jeb tweets an image of the status effect GUI, which appears when one of the "tabs" are selected.
		build 1		Added status effects.
		build 1		Currently, since potions have not been implemented, the only effects available are Poison from cave spiders, rotten flesh and pufferfish, Hunger from raw chicken and pufferfish (which doesn't function yet), and Nausea from pufferfish. Other effects can be applied using an inventory editor or modifier, though some do not work properly.
		build 4		Drinking milk now removes all status effects.
		build 12		Armor no longer decreases damage from status effects.
0.12.1		build 1		Most status effects work properly now, and added a few new ones. Jump boost can't be obtained, as rabbits have not yet been added.
				Status effects now can be applied with potions.
				Rotten foods now cause Hunger, rather than Poison due to the addition of hunger.
				The hunger status effect functions correctly now due to the addition of hunger.
		?		Fixed a bug where the touch radius was offset for the status effect tab.
0.13.0		build 1		Jump boost can now be obtained in survival because of the addition of rabbits.
0.16.0		build 1		Added an exclusive potion, splash potion and arrow of Decay. It is unobtainable in survival due to the lack of a brewing recipe for it.
		build 1		Mining fatigue can now be inflicted upon the player in survival by a elder guardian.
		build 4		The wither effect can now be inflicted with the addition of the wither.
Pocket Edition
1.0.0		alpha 0.17.0.1		Added Levitation status effect, received when the player is hit by a shulker projectile.
Bedrock Edition
1.2.0		?		Absorption effect amplifier has been increased for enchanted golden apples.
1.4.0		beta 1.2.20.1		The Water Breathing status effect no longer gives the player enhanced underwater vision.
1.5.0		beta 1.5.0.1		Added the Conduit Power status effect, which is received when the player activates a conduit.
1.6.0		beta 1.6.0.5		Added the Slow Falling status effect, obtained by drinking a potion of Slow Falling or being hit by an arrow of Slow Falling.
1.8.0		beta 1.8.0.10		Health Boost and Absorption icons have now changed to look different.
1.11.0		beta 1.11.0.1		Added the Bad Omen and Hero of the Village status effects.
Legacy Console Edition
TU5			Patch 1	Status effects have been introduced. Potions haven't been added yet, so the only things that cause them are golden apples, raw chicken, rotten flesh and cave spiders.
TU7				Actual potions have been added and some effects got an alchemical ingredient that corresponds to them.
TU7				Milk has been now given the ability to cure and clear all status effects.
TU14		1.04		An enchanted golden apple made from blocks of gold has been added, and induced, among others, the formerly unused Resistance status effect.
TU19	CU7	1.12		Night Vision now functions, and a potion and splash potion of Night Vision has been implemented and added to Creative mode.
				Beacons have been added and can be used to give status effects to players around them, and several potion effects without a potion can now be induced.
				Villager zombies under the effects of a potion of Weakness can now be given a golden apple to cure it.
				Invisibility now functions, and turns mobs invisible. Players under its effect can now not be detected by other players. A potion and splash potion of Invisibility was implemented and added to Creative mode.
				The Wither effect has been added, and it is inflicted by the wither's wither skulls.
				Added Absorption effect, which can be triggered for 2 minutes when consuming either tier of the golden apple.
TU46	CU36	1.38	Patch 15	Added Levitation status effect, received when the player is hit by a shulker projectile.
TU69	CU36	1.76	Patch 38	Added the Slow Falling status effect, obtained by drinking a potion of Slow Falling or being hit by an arrow of Slow Falling.
PlayStation 4 Edition
1.91				Added and status effect.
New Nintendo 3DS Edition
0.1.0				Added status effects.
1.2.12				Status effects are now displayed on the HUD, instead of just in the inventory.

Issues[edit]

Issues relating to "Status effect" are maintained on the bug tracker. Report issues there.

Trivia[edit]

It has been suggested that this page be split. Do not split pages until a consensus has been reached. ^[discuss^]

Reason: Many of these are about specific effects; move to their respective pages.

When the player has Jump Boost level 128, the player cannot jump at all.
When the player has Speed level 255, the player moves 500 blocks per tick.
With Haste and Mining Fatigue at the same time, it varies what level of what effect the player has.
The maximum health the player can achieve using Health Boost and Absorption is 2068 × 1034.
A player who gets max health using the method above, and then adds Regeneration with the level of 255 while healing to 1034 hearts, sees the view jolt, even in Creative mode^[verify], as if taking damage. This also happens when the effect ends.
If the player has at least Resistance 5, then they are invincible (apart from the /kill command and the void), although the void cannot kill a player with Regeneration 7 or higher (modulo 32).
The Wither effect is the only negative effect that can negatively affect both living and undead mobs.
The Jump Boost status effect does not make slimes, magma cubes or guardians jump higher ‌^{[Java Edition only]}
Speed allows slimes to jump farther. Extreme higher levels of speed can make slimes bounce out of view with just one jump, depends on the render distance.
The Levitation status effect normally raises the player into the air, unless the player is in water.
When having multiple status effects, the status effects' timers are reduced by 1 second each simultaneously, regardless of when the player took each potion. This is because they use the same "seconds counter" that "ticks" every 20 game ticks to save memory. For example, if the player drinks one potion and another different potion that doesn't reset the timer 5.5 (or any non-integer amounts) seconds later, both status effects' timers subtract 1 second from both of them simultaneously.
The player can walk/run while having the Levitation effect, especially on level 254.
Using /effect <player> minecraft:levitation <time in seconds> 255 makes the player fly in Survival and not jump, when the effect is over in Survival when in midair, hitting the ground causes the player to shoot into the air, resulting in a likely death.
When a creeper has a status effect and explodes, it leaves a lingering potion cloud of the effect(s) that it had before it died.‌^{[Java Edition only]}
The Conduit Power status icon reuses the old heart of the sea texture.