Changes: Anvil mechanics/Before 1.8

Revision as of 18:36, 2 September 2014

This page explains the mechanics of the anvil. The anvil is primarily used to repair tools, armor, and weapons, which it can do without stripping their enchantments. It can also be used to combine the enchantments of two items, to give an item an individual name, or to crush other players that walk beneath it while it is falling. All its functions, except for crushing players, cost experience levels, and some have material costs.

The anvil has five basic functions:

Renaming any item, including normal blocks. Note that blocks lose the rename when placed.
Repairing a “tiered” item with units of its material. For example, iron ingots can be used to repair iron tools and armor. Acceptable items for repair have the material to use in their default name, except for chainmail which is repaired with iron ingots.
Combining two items of the same kind that have durability, e.g. pickaxes, bows, shears, etc. The durabilities will combine similar to using a crafting table, and the enchantments are combined following rules detailed below.
Combining a tool with an enchanted book to add the book's enchantment to the tool. This costs much less than combining enchantments from two similar items, and can give enchantments to items that they could not get at an enchanting table.
Crushing any players who happen to walk under or be under the anvil while it is falling.

Renaming items can be done in the same work step as repairing or combining, provided the experience cost is not too high. In survival mode, the anvil can only apply 39 levels worth of work in a single operation. If the job would cost 40 or more levels, it will be rejected as “Too Expensive!”. This does not apply in creative mode.

Prior Work penalty

Regardless of the work being done, be it rename, repair, or combine, there will be an extra cost, the "prior work penalty", to work on an item which has previously been altered in an anvil.

Each time an item is worked on an anvil, even if only a rename, its prior work penalty is multiplied by 2 and 1 level is added. Thus, if an item has been worked N times the penalty will be 2^N - 1. After six workings, the penalty will be 63 levels, making any further repair or enchantment impossible in survival. After 31 workings, the penalty will be 2147483647 levels and further workings will be impossible in any mode (with one exception).

When combining two items, you pay both their penalties. The penalty on the combined item is based on that of the item with the higher penalty. For example, combining items with penalties 3 and 15 will pay a penalty of 18, and the combined item will have a penalty of 31 (15*2+1).

Renaming

Renaming always costs a single level, in addition to any Prior Work penalty. Renaming will increase the prior work penalty.

If the item is being renamed only, without being repaired or enchanted, the maximum level cost is 39 levels even if the Prior Work penalty is higher. However, the penalty is still increased as usual, and once the penalty reaches or exceeds 2147483647 further renames will be impossible (with one exception).

Stackable items can be renamed as a stack, while paying a single prior work penalty and a single level for the rename. Note that renamed items in general will not stack with normal items, and renamed blocks lose their name when placed.

Unit repair

Repairing a “tiered” target item using units of its material restores up to 25% total durability per unit and costs 1 level per unit of material used in addition to any applicable Prior Work penalties.

The material to use is in the original name of the item, except for chainmail which uses iron ingots.
Materials include leather, wood plank, cobblestone, iron ingot, gold ingot, and diamond.
Common tools you cannot repair in this way include bow, flint and steel, shears, fishing rod, and carrot on a stick.
If the stack of raw material has been renamed, its prior work penalty will be paid once regardless of the number of units being used in the repair.
Due to the rapid increase in prior work penalty for each repair, it will generally be most effective to use an item almost to the breaking point and then repair using four units of raw material at once (or by combining with a newly-crafted instance of the item).

Combining items

The anvil can be used to combine two items of the same type, or an item with an enchanted book. This applies only to items with durability: swords, tools, and armor. The first/left item is the target item, the second/right item is the sacrifice item, which will be destroyed. Combining two similar items does either or both of two things. Each of these costs levels, but if they're both done at once, part of the cost will be shared:

The target will be repaired, adding the durability of the sacrifice plus a bonus of 12% of the maximum durability, up to the item's maximum durability. If the target item is undamaged, there will be no charge for repair, otherwise the cost is 2 levels.
If the sacrifice has enchantments, it also will also try to combine the sacrifice's enchantments onto the target. Regardless of whether any enchantments on the target are actually changed, you will be charged based on the enchantments on the target and sacrifice. For each enchantment on the sacrifice:
- If the target has the enchantment as well…
  - and the sacrifice level is greater, the target will be raised to the sacrifice's level.
  - and the sacrifice level is equal, the target gains one level, unless it is already at the maximum level for that enchantment.
  - and the sacrifice level is less, nothing changes on the target.
- If the target does not have the enchantment, it will gain all levels of that enchantment, unless it already has an incompatible enchantment. Enchantments are incompatible if both are in one of the following groups:
  - Sword: Sharpness, Smite, and Bane of Arthropods
  - Tool: Fortune and Silk Touch
  - Armor: Protection, Fire Protection, Projectile Protection, and Blast Protection

The total cost for combining two similar items is the sum of:

Prior Work penalties of both target and sacrifice.
If renaming, the extra cost of renaming
If the target item is not at full durability, the repair cost of 2 levels.
If the sacrifice has enchantments, the enchantment cost.

If the sacrifice is a book there will be no repair, but the anvil will try to combine the book's enchantments onto the target. The item can also be renamed at the same time. The enchantment cost will generally be less than for combining two similar items.

Costs for combining enchantments

(This is just the enchanting cost. The total cost outline is in Combining items.)

For each enchantment on the sacrifice:
- Ignore any enchantment that cannot be applied to the target (e.g. Protection on a sword).
- Add one level for every incompatible enchantment on the target.
- If the enchantment is compatible with the existing enchantments on the target, add the final level of the enchantment on the target item multiplied by the multiplier from the table below.

Enchantment cost multipliers
ID	Enchantment	Max Level	Applies to	Multiplier from item	Multiplier from book
0	Protection^{[note 1]}	IV		1	1
1	Fire Protection^{[note 1]}	IV		2	1
2	Feather Falling	IV		2	1
3	Blast Protection^{[note 1]}	IV		4	2
4	Projectile Protection^{[note 1]}	IV		2	1
5	Respiration	III		4	2
6	Aqua Affinity	I		4	2
7	Thorns	III		8	4
8	Depth Strider	III		4	2
16	Sharpness^{[note 2]}	V		1	1
17	Smite^{[note 2]}	V		2	1
18	Bane of Arthropods^{[note 2]}	V		2	1
19	Knockback	II		2	1
20	Fire Aspect	II		4	2
21	Looting	III		4	2
32	Efficiency	V		1	1
33	Silk Touch^{[note 3]}	I		8	4
34	Unbreaking	III		2	1
35	Fortune^{[note 3]}	III		4	2
48	Power	V		1	1
49	Punch	II		4	2
50	Flame	I		4	2
51	Infinity	I		8	4
61	Luck of the Sea	III		4	2
62	Lure	III		4	2

Examples:

Dealing with equal enchantments:
- In the first slot, the target is a sword with Sharpness III, Knockback II, and Looting III.
- In the second slot, the sacrifice is a sword with Sharpness III and Looting III.
- For the Sharpness III enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has an equal level, add one to the target's Sharpness level giving Sharpness IV. Add 4 (multiplier 1 times 4 levels) to the level cost for Sharpness IV.
- For the Looting III enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the maximum level for Looting is III, the target remains at Looting III. But 12 (multiplier 4 times 3 levels) is still added to the level cost.
- Thus, the enchanting cost is 16. The total cost for the work will include any prior work penalties, repair costs, and rename costs.
- If combined in the other order (the sword having three enchantments as the sacrifice), there would also be a cost of 4 (level 2 times multiplier 2) for the Knockback II enchantment, giving a total enchantment cost of 20 levels.
Dealing with unequal enchantments:
- In the first slot, the target is a sword with Sharpness III, Knockback II, and Looting I.
- In the second slot, the sacrifice is a sword with Sharpness I and Looting III.
- For the Sharpness I enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has a higher level, the target keeps Sharpness III. But 3 (multiplier 1 times 3 levels) is still added to the level cost.
- For the Looting III enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has a lower level, it is upgraded to Looting III. Add 12 (multiplier 4 times 3 levels) to the level cost.
- Thus, the enchanting cost is 15. The total cost for the work will include any prior work penalties, repair costs, and rename costs.
- If combined in the other order (the sword having three enchantments as the sacrifice), there would also be a cost of 4 (level 2 times multiplier 2) for adding the Knockback II enchantment, giving a total enchantment cost of 19 levels.
Dealing with conflicting enchantments:
- In the first slot, the target is a sword with Sharpness II and Looting II.
- In the second slot, the sacrifice is a sword with Smite V and Looting II.
- For the Smite V enchantment on the sacrifice: Since Smite is incompatible with Sharpness, add 1 level. The target keeps Sharpness II.
- For the Looting II enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has an equal level, add one to the target's Looting level giving Looting III. Add 12 (multiplier 4 times 3 levels) to the level cost for Looting III.
- Thus, the enchanting cost is 13. The total cost for the work will include any prior work penalties, repair costs, and rename costs.
- If combined in the other order (the Sharpness sword as the sacrifice), the cost would again be 13 with the result having Smite V and Looting III.
Using books:
- In the first slot, the target is a sword with Looting II.
- In the second slot, the sacrifice is a book with Protection III, Sharpness I, and Looting II.
- For the Protection III enchantment on the sacrifice: Since Protection is incompatible with swords, ignore it.
- For the Sharpness I enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has no Sharpness, it gets Sharpness I. Add 1 level (multiplier 1 times 1 level) for Sharpness I.
- For the Looting II enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has an equal level, add one to the target's Looting level giving Looting III. Add 6 (multiplier 2 times 3 levels) to the level cost for Looting III.

Trivia

The technical reason items can no longer be worked once the prior work cost reaches 2147483647 is because adding even 1 (for a rename) overflows to -2147483648, and the anvil refuses to process work that costs less than 1 level.
While renaming no longer resets the prior work cost, there is a ridiculously-expensive method to do so for items with durability:
1. Rename the item repeatedly until it cannot be renamed any more (for a total cost of around 1000 levels).
2. Do the same with a second item (costing another 1000 levels).
3. Ensure the target item is damaged, if only by one use.
4. Combine the two and rename at the same time. The total cost will be 2147483647 prior work on the target + 2147483647 prior work on the sacrifice + 2 for the repair + 1 for the rename, totaling 4294967297 levels, which overflows to give a total cost of just 1 level. The prior work cost on the result will be -1, again due to overflow.
- The above can also be done by renaming a stack of raw materials in step 2, and ensuring that the target item is lacking enough durability to require at least 2 units to repair in step 3. If 3 or 4 units are needed, the rename in step 4 may be omitted.
- The item with prior work cost -1 must be worked in such a way that the final cost is at least 1 level (e.g. repaired by combining, or repaired using 2 or more units, or repaired with a single unit and renamed). The prior work cost of the result will depend on the item combined with.
Enchantments are added to raw materials (e.g. an Iron Ingot with Sharpness III) are ignored when doing unit repair, not combined.

Notes

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d The different kinds of Protection are not compatible
↑ ^a ^b ^c Sharpness, Smite, and Bane of Arthropods are not compatible
↑ ^a ^b Silk Touch and Fortune are not compatible

[combine-protection-1] The different kinds of Protection are not compatible

[combine-weapon-damage-2] Sharpness, Smite, and Bane of Arthropods are not compatible

[combine-tool-special-3] Silk Touch and Fortune are not compatible

[note 1]

[note 2]

[note 3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{about||anvil mechanics in the [[1.8]] snapshots|Anvil mechanics/1.8}}
 [[File:Anvil.png|thumb|The Anvil]]
-This page explains the '''mechanics of the [[anvil]]'''.  The anvil is primarily used to repair tools, armor, and weapons, which it can do without stripping their [[enchantment]]s.  It can also be used to combine the enchantments of two items, to give an item an individual name, or to crush other players that walk beneath it while it is falling.  All its functions, except for crushing players, cost [[experience]] levels, and some have material costs.
+This page explains the '''mechanics of the [[anvil]]'''. The anvil is primarily used to repair tools, armor, and weapons, which it can do without stripping their [[enchantment]]s. It can also be used to combine the enchantments of two items, to give an item an individual name, or to crush other players that walk beneath it while it is falling. All its functions, except for crushing players, cost [[experience]] levels, and some have material costs.
 The anvil has five basic functions:
-* Renaming any item, including normal blocks. Besides entertainment value, this can save on the costs of repeated repairs. '''Blocks lose the rename when placed'''
+* Renaming any item, including normal blocks. Note that blocks lose the rename when placed.
-* Repairing a "tiered" item with units of its material. (For example, iron ingots can be used to repair iron tools and armor.) Acceptable items for repair have the material to use in their default name, except for chainmail, which is repaired with iron ingots.
+* Repairing a “tiered” item with units of its material. For example, iron ingots can be used to repair iron tools and armor. Acceptable items for repair have the material to use in their default name, except for chainmail which is repaired with iron ingots.
-* Combining two items of the same kind that have [[durability]]. (For example, bows, shears, etc.) The durabilities will combine similar to using a crafting table, and the enchantments are combined following rules detailed below.
-* Combining a tool with an [[enchanted book]] to add the book's enchantment to the tool.  This costs much less than combining two similar items, and can give enchantments to items that they could not get at an [[enchanting table]].
+* Combining two items of the same kind that have [[durability]], e.g. pickaxes, bows, shears, etc. The durabilities will combine similar to using a crafting table, and the enchantments are combined following rules detailed below.
+* Combining a tool with an [[enchanted book]] to add the book's enchantment to the tool. This costs much less than combining enchantments from two similar items, and can give enchantments to items that they could not get at an [[enchanting table]].
 * Crushing any players who happen to walk under or be under the anvil while it is falling.
-Renaming items can be done in the same work step as repairing or combining, provided the experience cost is not too high. In survival mode, the anvil can only apply 39 levels worth of work in a single operation.  If the job would cost 40 or more levels, it will be rejected as "Too Expensive!".  (This does ''not'' apply in creative mode.)  Such jobs can often be done piecewise:  rename first, then repair, then combine.  Note that it ''is'' possible to produce items so heavily enchanted that they cannot be worked on at all.
+Renaming items can be done in the same work step as repairing or combining, provided the experience cost is not too high. In survival mode, the anvil can only apply 39 levels worth of work in a single operation. If the job would cost 40 or more levels, it will be rejected as “Too Expensive!”. This does not apply in creative mode.
-== Base value of items ==
-The most important concept for using an anvil is the ''Base Value'' of an item, figured in experience levels.  Other than combining with enchanted books, any change made to an item will cost its Base Value plus costs for the change.  An item's Base Value is the sum of the costs of its enchantments, plus a charge for the number of its enchantments.  Note that the item's material does not affect its base cost, nor does the order of its enchantments.  An unenchanted (or unenchantable) item has Base Value 0.
-As formulas:
-* For each Enchantment, ECost = Cost per level &times; level
-* For the item, BaseValue = ECost1 (+ Ecost2 + ...) + NumEnchantCost
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 400px"
-|-
-! colspan=3 align="center" | '''Sword enchantments'''
-|-
-!Enchantment title
-!Cost per Level
-!Max level
-|-
-|Sharpness*<sup>†</sup> || 1 || 5
-|-
-|Smite<sup>†</sup> || 2 || 5
-|-
-|Bane of Arthropods<sup>†</sup> || 2 || 5
-|-
-|Knockback || 2 || 2
-|-
-|Fire Aspect|| 4 || 2
-|-
-|Looting || 4 || 3
-|}
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 400px"
-|-
-! colspan=3 align="center" | '''Tool Enchantments'''
-|-
-!Enchantment title
-!Cost per Level
-!Max level
-|-
-|Efficiency* || 1 || 5
-|-
-|Unbreaking || 2 || 3
-|-
-|Fortune<sup>†</sup> || 4 || 3
-|-
-|Silk Touch<sup>†</sup> || 8 || 1
-|}
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 400px"
-|-
-! colspan=3 align="center" | '''Armor enchantments'''
-|-
-!Enchantment title
-!Cost per Level
-!Max level
-|-
-|Protection<sup>†</sup> || 1 || 4
-|-
-|Fire Protection<sup>†</sup> || 2 || 4
-|-
-|Projectile Protection<sup>†</sup> || 2 || 4
-|-
-|Feather Falling || 2 || 4
-|-
-|Blast Protection<sup>†</sup> || 4 || 4
-|-
-|Respiration || 4 || 3
-|-
-|Aqua Affinity || 4 || 1
-|-
-|Thorns || 8 || 3
-|}
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 400px"
-|-
-! colspan=3 align="center" | '''Bow enchantments'''
-|-
-!Enchantment title
-!Cost per Level
-!Max level
-|-
-|Power* || 1 || 5
-|-
-|Punch || 4 || 2
-|-
-|Flame || 4 || 1
-|-
-|Infinity || 8 || 1
-|}
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 400px"
-|-
-! colspan=3 align="center" | '''Fishing Rod enchantments'''
-|-
-!Enchantment title
-!Cost per Level
-!Max level
-|-
-|Luck of the Sea || 4 || 3
-|-
-|Lure || 4 || 3
-|}
-Finally, an extra value (NumEnchantCost) needs to be added based on how many enchantments the item has, which can be found from the table below.
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 300px"
-|-
-! colspan=2 align="center" | '''Multiple Enchantments'''
-|-
-!Number of enchantments
-!Extra cost
-|-
-|1 || 1
-|-
-|2 || 3
-|-
-|3 || 6
-|-
-|4 || 10
-|-
-|5 || 15
-|}
-'''Notes:'''
-* Enchantments marked with an asterisk (*) are ones that cannot be produced at level V by an enchanting table, but can be produced by combining two level IV items in an anvil.
-* Enchantments marked with a dagger (†) are incompatible with each other. For example, only one kind of "Protection" can be on a piece of armor at a time.
-'''Example:'''
-Say we have a sword with Sharpness 3, Knockback 2 and Looting 2.  Referring to the table we see that the Enchantments will cost 3&times;1 → 3, 2&times;2 → 4, and 2&times;4 → 8 respectively, and another 6 levels for having three of them.  3+4+8+6 → 21.  In the anvil for the first time, this sword will cost at least 21 levels to work on, even before considering ''what'' to do with it.
 == Prior Work penalty ==
@@ Line 144: / Line 16: @@
 Regardless of the work being done, be it rename, repair, or combine, there will be an extra cost, the "prior work penalty", to work on an item which has previously been altered in an anvil.
+Each time an item is worked on an anvil, even if only a rename, its prior work penalty is multiplied by 2 and 1 level is added. Thus, if an item has been worked N times the penalty will be 2^N - 1. After six workings, the penalty will be 63 levels, making any further repair or enchantment impossible in survival. After 31 workings, the penalty will be 2147483647 levels and further workings will be impossible in any mode ([[#Trivia|with one exception]]).
-* If the item has been renamed at any point, the penalty is always 2 levels, regardless of further alterations.
-* For an un-renamed item, the prior-work penalty is 2 levels for each repair or combination an item has been through, not including this one.
+When combining two items, you pay both their penalties. The penalty on the combined item is based on that of the item with the higher penalty. For example, combining items with penalties 3 and 15 will pay a penalty of 18, and the combined item will have a penalty of 31 (15*2+1).
-* When combining two items, you pay both their penalties.
 == Renaming ==
+Renaming always costs a single level, in addition to any Prior Work penalty. Renaming will increase the prior work penalty.
-Renaming something with durability costs (Base Value + Prior Work Penalty) + 7 the first time, later renames cost (Base Value + Prior Work Penalty) + 10.
-* Simultaneously renaming and repairing an object costs both charges, but you only pay for Base Value and the (current) penalty once. For example, consider an item with Base Value of 5 never renamed before, with two prior works (penalty of 4). Then this item is altered a third time, for a repair costing 3 (over Base+Penalty). Repairing and renaming it simultaneously would cost (5+4)+3+7=19, as opposed to 5+4+3=12 for a repair alone or 5+4+7=16 for a rename alone.
-* An item which has been renamed has its prior-work penalty set to 2, remaining so regardless of later work. Renaming the item back to its default name (''e.g.'' "Iron Sword") does ''not'' revert prior-work to full cost.<ref group="note">Prior to 1.4.4 it was possible to revert the prior-work cost to its full value if the custom name was somehow stripped from the object.</ref>
-* As a consequence of the above, and using the same example, if you then damage that item slightly so that the next (fourth) repair cost would be 3 levels (over BV+Penalty), the renamed item will cost (5+2)+3=10 levels to repair, while if the item was not renamed before it would cost (5+6)+3=14 levels (4 more).
+If the item is being renamed only, without being repaired or enchanted, the maximum level cost is 39 levels even if the Prior Work penalty is higher. However, the penalty is still increased as usual, and once the penalty reaches or exceeds 2147483647 further renames will be impossible ([[#Trivia|with one exception]]).
+Stackable items can be renamed as a stack, while paying a single prior work penalty and a single level for the rename. Note that renamed items in general will not stack with normal items, and renamed blocks lose their name when placed.
-Renaming an item ''without'' durability costs 5 the first time, then stays 9 for all later renames.  This includes the implicit prior-work penalty, and everything without durability except enchanted books has a Base Value of 0.
-* Stackable items can be renamed as a stack; you do pay for each item, but the total cost is capped at 39 levels, for which you can rename a full stack.
-* Note that renamed items in general will not stack with normal items, and renamed blocks lose their name when placed.
-== Unit Repair ==
+== Unit repair ==
-Repairing a "tiered" target item using units of its material restores up to 25% total [[durability]] per unit and costs the sum of the unit costs of each unit. (In addition to the Base Value and Prior Work Penalty.)
+Repairing a “tiered” target item using units of its material restores up to 25% total [[durability]] per unit and costs 1 level per unit of material used in addition to any applicable Prior Work penalties.
-* The unit cost is normally 1 plus the number of enchantments on the target item. For [[Diamond]] tools, the unit cost is up to 3 plus the number of enchantments on the target item, depending on how much [[durability]] the unit is repairing. All but the last unit take the full cost for a full repair of 390 durability. The last unit costs 1 less for restoring less than 300, and another less for restoring less than 200.
-* The material to use is in the original name of the item, except for [[chainmail]], which uses [[iron ingots]].
+* The material to use is in the original name of the item, except for [[chainmail]] which uses [[iron ingots]].
 * Materials include [[leather]], [[wood plank]], [[cobblestone]], [[iron ingot]], [[gold ingot]], and [[diamond]].
 * Common tools you ''cannot'' repair in this way include [[bow]], [[flint and steel]], [[shears]], [[fishing rod]], and [[carrot on a stick]].
+* If the stack of raw material has been renamed, its prior work penalty will be paid once regardless of the number of units being used in the repair.
-* Repairing many units at once incurs one cost of (Base Value + Prior Work Penalty) as well as only adding 2 to the future Prior Work Penalty. (Provided the item is not renamed.)
+* Due to the rapid increase in prior work penalty for each repair, it will generally be most effective to use an item almost to the breaking point and then repair using four units of raw material at once (or by [[#Combining items|combining]] with a newly-crafted instance of the item).
+== Combining items ==
+The anvil can be used to combine two items of the same type, or an item with an enchanted book. This applies only to items with [[durability]]: swords, tools, and armor. The first/left item is the ''target'' item, the second/right item is the ''sacrifice'' item, which will be destroyed. Combining two similar items does either or both of two things. Each of these costs levels, but if they're both done at once, part of the cost will be shared:
-== Combining Items ==
-The anvil can be used to combine two items of the same type, or an item with an enchanted book.  This applies only to items with [[durability]]: swords, tools, and armor.  The first/left item is the ''target'' item, the second/right item is the ''sacrifice'' item, which will be destroyed.  Combining two similar items does either or both of two things.  Each of these costs levels, but if they're both done at once, part of the cost will be shared:
-*  The target will be repaired, adding the durability of the sacrifice plus a bonus, up to the item's maximum durability.  If the target item is undamaged, there will be no charge for repair.
+* The target will be repaired, adding the durability of the sacrifice plus a bonus of 12% of the maximum durability, up to the item's maximum durability. If the target item is undamaged, there will be no charge for repair, otherwise the cost is 2 levels.
-* It also tries to combine the sacrifice's enchantments onto the target.  If the sacrifice has no enchantments, or only weaker versions of the target's enchantments, then there will be no charge.  Otherwise, you will pay for enchantments added, and for some cases where the transfer fails (see below).  For each enchantment on the sacrifice:
+* If the sacrifice has enchantments, it also will also try to combine the sacrifice's enchantments onto the target. Regardless of whether any enchantments on the target are actually changed, you will be charged based on the enchantments on the target and sacrifice. For each enchantment on the sacrifice:
-** If the target has the enchantment as well...
+** If the target has the enchantment as well…
 *** and the sacrifice level is '''greater''', the target will be raised to the sacrifice's level.
 *** and the sacrifice level is '''equal''', the target gains one level, unless it is already at the maximum level for that enchantment.
 *** and the sacrifice level is '''less''', nothing changes on the target.
-** If the target does ''not'' have the enchantment, it will gain all levels of that enchantment, ''unless'' it already has an incompatible enchantment.  Enchantments are incompatible if both are in one of the following groups:
+** If the target does ''not'' have the enchantment, it will gain all levels of that enchantment, ''unless'' it already has an incompatible enchantment. Enchantments are incompatible if both are in one of the following groups:
 *** '''Sword:''' Sharpness, Smite, and Bane of Arthropods
 *** '''Tool:''' Fortune and Silk Touch
@@ Line 183: / Line 54: @@
 The '''total cost''' for combining two similar items is the sum of:
-* [[Anvil mechanics#Base value of items|Base Value]] of the target.
+* [[#Prior Work penalty|Prior Work penalties]] of ''both'' target and sacrifice.
+* If [[#Renaming|renaming]], the extra cost of renaming
-* [[Anvil mechanics#Prior Work penalty|Prior Work Penalties]] of ''both'' target and sacrifice.
-* If [[Anvil mechanics#Renaming|renaming]], the extra cost of renaming
+* If the target item is not at full durability, the repair cost of 2 levels.
+* If the sacrifice has [[enchantments]], the [[#Costs for combining enchantments|enchantment cost]].
-* If the target item is not at full durability, the [[Anvil mechanics#Sacrifice Repair|repair cost]] depending on the sacrifice.
-* If the sacrifice has [[enchantments]], the [[Anvil mechanics#Costs For Combining Enchanted Items|enchantment cost]]
-If the sacrifice is a book, there will be no repair, but the anvil will try to combine the book's enchantment onto the target.  The item can also be renamed at the same time.  The cost will be much less than for combining two similar items.
+If the sacrifice is a book there will be no repair, but the anvil will try to combine the book's enchantments onto the target. The item can also be renamed at the same time. The enchantment cost will generally be less than for combining two similar items.
-=== Costs For Sacrifice Repair ===
+=== Costs for combining enchantments ===
+(This is just the enchanting cost. The total cost outline is in [[#Combining items|Combining items]].)
-The target item will end up with the sum of both items durabilities, plus a bonus (12% of the items' ''maximum'' durability, rounded down) up to the maximum.
-* To make the best use of the bonus, repair when the total item durability of the pair is no more than 88% of the maximum. For swords and tools, the 12% bonus is 3 durability for gold, 7 for wood, 15 for stone, 30 for iron, and 187 for diamond.
-* You may want to use {{key|F3}}+{{Key|H}} to show the numeric durability of your items (in the inventory tooltips).
+* For each enchantment on the sacrifice:
-The cost for the repair depends only on the sacrifice's current durability and (slightly) the type of item:
+** Ignore any enchantment that cannot be applied to the target (e.g. Protection on a sword).
-* '''S''' is the sacrifice durability, and '''MaxD''' is the maximum durability for it's type.
+** Add one level for every incompatible enchantment on the target.
-* '''N''' is an offset for the item type, equal to '''100-floor(0.12*MaxD)'''.  (This is negative for diamond tools.)
+** If the enchantment is compatible with the existing enchantments on the target, add the final level of the enchantment on the target item multiplied by the multiplier from the table below.
-* The cost is '''1+floor((S-N)/100)'''
-For each item type and sacrifice durability, the repair cost is:
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 |-
-! colspan="8" | Sacrifice Repair Cost per Item Type and Sacrifice Durability
+! colspan="6" | Enchantment cost multipliers
 |-
+! ID !! Enchantment !! Max Level !! Applies to !! Multiplier from item !! Multiplier from book
-! ⇓ Item / XP Cost ⇒
-! 1
-! 2
-! 3
-! 4
-! 5
-! ...
-! 17
 |-
+| 0 || Protection<ref group="note" name="combine-protection">The different kinds of Protection are not compatible</ref> || IV || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Helmet}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Chestplate}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Leggings}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Boots}} || 1 || 1
-! Diamond Tools*
-| 1-12
-| 13-112
-| 113-212
-| 213-312
-| 313-412
-| ...
-| 1513-1561
 |-
+| 1 || Fire Protection<ref group="note" name="combine-protection"/> || IV || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Helmet}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Chestplate}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Leggings}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Boots}} || 2 || 1
-! Diamond Chestplate
-| 1-136
-| 137-236
-| 237-336
-| 337-436
-| 437-528
 |-
+| 2 || Feather Falling || IV || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Boots}} || 2 || 1
-! Diamond Leggings
-| 1-140
-| 141-240
-| 241-340
-| 341-440
-| 441-495
 |-
+| 3 || Blast Protection<ref group="note" name="combine-protection"/> || IV || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Helmet}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Chestplate}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Leggings}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Boots}} || 4 || 2
-! Diamond Boots
-| 1-148
-| 149-248
-| 249-348
-| 349-429
 |-
+| 4 || Projectile Protection<ref group="note" name="combine-protection"/> || IV || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Helmet}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Chestplate}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Leggings}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Boots}} || 2 || 1
-! Bow
-| 1-153
-| 154-253
-| 254-353
-| 354-384
 |-
-! Diamond Helmet
+| 5 || Respiration || III || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Helmet}} || 4 || 2
-| 1-156
-| 157-256
-| 257-356
-| 357-363
 |-
+| 6 || Aqua Affinity || I || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Helmet}} || 4 || 2
-! Iron Tools*
-| 1-169
-| 170-250
 |-
+| 7 || Thorns || III || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Helmet}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Chestplate}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Leggings}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Boots}} || 8 || 4
-! Iron/Chain Chestplate
-| 1-171
-| 172-240
 |-
+| 8 || Depth Strider || III || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Boots}} || 4 || 2
-! Shears
-| 1-171
-| 172-238
 |-
+| 16 || Sharpness<ref group="note" name="combine-weapon-damage">Sharpness, Smite, and Bane of Arthropods are not compatible</ref> || V || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Sword}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Axe}} || 1 || 1
-! Iron/Chain Leggings
-| 1-173
-| 174-225
 |-
+| 17 || Smite<ref group="note" name="combine-weapon-damage"/> || V || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Sword}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Axe}} || 2 || 1
-! Iron/Chain Boots
-| 1-176
-| 177-195
 |-
+| 18 || Bane of Arthropods<ref group="note" name="combine-weapon-damage"/> || V || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Sword}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Axe}} || 2 || 1
-! Iron/Chain Helmet
-| rowspan="5" |for any sacrifice
 |-
+| 19 || Knockback || II || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Sword}} || 2 || 1
-! Gold, Wood, Stone,<br>Leather Items
 |-
+| 20 || Fire Aspect || II || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Sword}} || 4 || 2
-! Flint and Steel
 |-
+| 21 || Looting || III || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Sword}} || 4 || 2
-! Fishing Rod
 |-
+| 32 || Efficiency || V || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Pickaxe}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Shovel}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Axe}}{{simpleGrid|Shears}} || 1 || 1
-! Carrot On a Stick
 |-
+| 33 || Silk Touch<ref group="note" name="combine-tool-special">Silk Touch and Fortune are not compatible</ref> || I || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Pickaxe}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Shovel}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Axe}}{{simpleGrid|Shears}} || 8 || 4
-| colspan="8" | '''* Swords have the same cost as tools.'''
+|-
+| 34 || Unbreaking || III || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Pickaxe}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Shovel}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Axe}}{{simpleGrid|Fishing Rod}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Helmet}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Chestplate}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Leggings}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Boots}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Sword}}{{simpleGrid|Bow}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Hoe}}{{simpleGrid|Shears}}{{simpleGrid|Flint and Steel}}{{simpleGrid|Carrot on a Stick}} || 2 || 1
+|-
+| 35 || Fortune<ref group="note" name="combine-tool-special"/> || III || {{simpleGrid|Diamond Pickaxe}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Shovel}}{{simpleGrid|Diamond Axe}} || 4 || 2
+|-
+| 48 || Power || V || {{simpleGrid|Bow}} || 1 || 1
+|-
+| 49 || Punch || II || {{simpleGrid|Bow}} || 4 || 2
+|-
+| 50 || Flame || I || {{simpleGrid|Bow}} || 4 || 2
+|-
+| 51 || Infinity || I || {{simpleGrid|Bow}} || 8 || 4
+|-
+| 61 || Luck of the Sea || III || {{simpleGrid|Fishing Rod}} || 4 || 2
+|-
+| 62 || Lure || III || {{simpleGrid|Fishing Rod}} || 4 || 2
 |}
-;Example:
-: A maxed out fishing rod (Lure 3, Luck 3, Unbreaking 3) which has been renamed is ''barely'' repairable.  It has base value 36 (12 for luck, 12 for lure, 6 for unbreaking, 6 for three enchantments).  Assuming it's been renamed, repairing it will cost that plus 2 for prior work, and 1 for the repair itself, for a total of exactly 39.  If it has not been renamed, then its second combination or repair will make it too expensive to repair.  (It might be rescued from this state by combining it with an incompatible ''book'', which will allow simultaneously renaming it.  See below for details.)
-=== Costs For Combining Enchanted Items ===
-(This is just the enchanting cost. The total cost outline is in [[Anvil mechanics#Combining Items|Combining Items]].)
-* For each enchantment on the sacrifice:
-** If the enchantment is incompatible with the target, add 1 per level of enchantment.
-** If the enchantment is compatible, for each level the target will gain, add ''twice'' the cost-per-level from the [[Anvil mechanics#Base value of items|Base Value]] tables.
-** If the enchantment is compatible, but both target and sacrifice are at max level, add the cost-per-level once.
-* If new enchantments are added, add (number of new enchantments)×(number of final enchantments - 1) + 1.
 '''Examples:'''
 * Dealing with equal enchantments:
-** In the first slot, the target is a sword named "Pointy" with Sharpness III, Knockback II, and Looting III.
+** In the first slot, the target is a sword with Sharpness III, Knockback II, and Looting III.
-** In the second slot, the sacrifice is a sword with Sharpness III and Looting III from two prior jobs.
+** In the second slot, the sacrifice is a sword with Sharpness III and Looting III.
+** For the Sharpness III enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has an equal level, add one to the target's Sharpness level giving Sharpness IV. Add 4 (multiplier 1 times 4 levels) to the level cost for Sharpness IV.
-** The Base Value of the target is 25. The total Prior Work Penalty is 2 + 4 = 6. The cost so far is 31.
+** For the Looting III enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the maximum level for Looting is III, the target remains at Looting III. But 12 (multiplier 4 times 3 levels) is still added to the level cost.
-** Sharpness III is equal to the target, so the result will have Sharpness IV at a cost of twice 1.
-** Looting III is equal to the target but maxed out, so the result will have Looting III, with the cost of 4.
+** Thus, the enchanting cost is 16. The total cost for the work will include any prior work penalties, repair costs, and rename costs.
+** If combined in the other order (the sword having three enchantments as the sacrifice), there would also be a cost of 4 (level 2 times multiplier 2) for the Knockback II enchantment, giving a total enchantment cost of 20 levels.
-** The result costs 31 + 2 + 4 = 37 levels for a sword named "Pointy" with Sharpness IV, Knockback II, and Looting III.  The result's Base Value is 26.
+* Dealing with unequal enchantments:
-** Swapping the target and sacrifice here gives a lower target Base Value but higher enchanting cost.  The resulting sword ''would'' have the same enchantments, but with three prior jobs instead of the name "Pointy".  Unfortunately, the enchantment cost goes up to 41 levels, which is above the anvil limit!
+** In the first slot, the target is a sword with Sharpness III, Knockback II, and Looting I.
+** In the second slot, the sacrifice is a sword with Sharpness I and Looting III.
+** For the Sharpness I enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has a higher level, the target keeps Sharpness III. But 3 (multiplier 1 times 3 levels) is still added to the level cost.
+** For the Looting III enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has a lower level, it is upgraded to Looting III. Add 12 (multiplier 4 times 3 levels) to the level cost.
+** Thus, the enchanting cost is 15. The total cost for the work will include any prior work penalties, repair costs, and rename costs.
+** If combined in the other order (the sword having three enchantments as the sacrifice), there would also be a cost of 4 (level 2 times multiplier 2) for adding the Knockback II enchantment, giving a total enchantment cost of 19 levels.
 * Dealing with conflicting enchantments:
-** The target is a sword with Sharpness III and Looting II, Base Value 14, two prior jobs.
+** In the first slot, the target is a sword with Sharpness II and Looting II.
-** The sacrifice is a sword with Smite II and Looting II, Base Value 15, two prior jobs.
+** In the second slot, the sacrifice is a sword with Smite V and Looting II.
+** For the Smite V enchantment on the sacrifice: Since Smite is incompatible with Sharpness, add 1 level. The target keeps Sharpness II.
-** The cost so far is 14 + 4 + 4 = 22 for Base Value of target and total Prior Work Penalty.
+** For the Looting II enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has an equal level, add one to the target's Looting level giving Looting III. Add 12 (multiplier 4 times 3 levels) to the level cost for Looting III.
-** Smite II is incompatible with Sharpness III, so the result will not have Smite at all, but there will still be a cost of 2 levels for trying.
-** Looting II is equal to the target, so the result will have Looting III at a cost of twice 4.
+** Thus, the enchanting cost is 13. The total cost for the work will include any prior work penalties, repair costs, and rename costs.
+** If combined in the other order (the Sharpness sword as the sacrifice), the cost would again be 13 with the result having Smite V and Looting III.
-** The result costs 22 + 2 + 8 = 32 levels for a sword with Sharpness III and Looting III, Base Value 18, three prior jobs.
+* Using books:
-** Swapping the target and sacrifice costs 34 levels for a sword with Smite II and Looting III, Base Value 19, three prior jobs.
+** In the first slot, the target is a sword with Looting II.
-*  Dealing with new enchantments:
-** The target is a sword with Sharpness IV, BV 5, with one prior job.
+** In the second slot, the sacrifice is a book with Protection III, Sharpness I, and Looting II.
-** The sacrifice is a sword with Looting II, one prior job.
+** For the Protection III enchantment on the sacrifice: Since Protection is incompatible with swords, ignore it.
+** For the Sharpness I enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has no Sharpness, it gets Sharpness I. Add 1 level (multiplier 1 times 1 level) for Sharpness I.
-** Adding Looting costs twice 4 per level gained, which totals 16.
+** For the Looting II enchantment on the sacrifice: Since the target has an equal level, add one to the target's Looting level giving Looting III. Add 6 (multiplier 2 times 3 levels) to the level cost for Looting III.
-** Adding an enchantment for a result with two enchantments costs 1&times;(2 - 1) + 1 = 2.
-** The result costs 9 + 16 + 2 = 27 levels for a sword with Sharpness IV, Looting II, BV 15, two prior jobs.
-* Don't do this:  Take a helmet with Protection IV, and Respiration III, and add a helmet with Blast Protection IV and Respiration III.  You pay 4 levels for the incompatible Blast Protection, and another 4 for the maxed-out Respiration.  With the Base Value of 19, you've just paid 27 levels (and a heavily-enchanted helmet) for nothing.  (You could still be repairing the target, but that costs extra....)
+== Trivia ==
-=== Costs For Combining an Item with an Enchanted Book ===
+* The technical reason items can no longer be worked once the prior work cost reaches 2147483647 is because adding even 1 (for a rename) overflows to -2147483648, and the anvil refuses to process work that costs less than 1 level.
-The costs for enchanting with books expose more of the internals of the anvil system, but while this makes them more complex, they also include some major discounts compared to item combination.  Naturally, repair costs do not apply.
+* While renaming no longer resets the prior work cost, there is a ridiculously-expensive method to do so for items with durability:
-Normally, enchanted books only have one enchantment, but books with multiple enchantments can be produced by combining two books on an anvil.  Such books will have their own prior-work penalty.
+*# Rename the item repeatedly until it cannot be renamed any more (for a total cost of around 1000 levels).
+*# Do the same with a second item (costing another 1000 levels).
+*# Ensure the target item is damaged, if only by one use.
+*# Combine the two and rename at the same time. The total cost will be 2147483647 prior work on the target + 2147483647 prior work on the sacrifice + 2 for the repair + 1 for the rename, totaling 4294967297 levels, which overflows to give a total cost of just 1 level. The prior work cost on the result will be -1, again due to overflow.
+** The above can also be done by renaming a stack of raw materials in step 2, and ensuring that the target item is lacking enough durability to require at least 2 units to repair in step 3. If 3 or 4 units are needed, the rename in step 4 may be omitted.
+** The item with prior work cost -1 must be worked in such a way that the final cost is at least 1 level (e.g. repaired by combining, or repaired using 2 or more units, or repaired with a single unit and renamed). The prior work cost of the result will depend on the item combined with.
+* Enchantments are added to raw materials (e.g. an Iron Ingot with Sharpness III) are ignored when doing unit repair, not combined.
+== Notes ==
-* First, the following costs are added together:
-** Start with the target's ''modified'' Base Value, where cost-per-level is halved to a minimum of 1 per level.
-** Add the [[Anvil mechanics#Prior Work penalty|prior-work penalty]] for the target (and possibly the book)
-** If the target is gaining any new enchantments, add a cost of ''(number of new enchantments)×(final number of enchantments - 1) + 1''.
-** For each enchantment level the target will ''gain,'' add the cost-per-level halved to a minimum of 1 per level. (save this number)
-** For each enchantment both target and book already have at max level, add the enchantment cost-per-level once.
-** If the item was already renamed, ''and'' is being renamed again, add 3. (This is half the basic rename cost, rounded down.  If you are somehow enchanting an item without durability, only pay 2.)
-* '''The above sum is then halved and rounded down.''' It can round down to 0.
-* For each book enchantment that's incompatible with the target, add 1 per enchantment level.
-* For each enchantment level the target will gain, add (again) the cost-per-level halved to a minimum of 1 per level.
-* If the target is being renamed, add the basic rename cost, that is 7 for items with durability, 5 for other items.
-'''Notes:'''
-* An approximation for the cost breakdown without renaming or other complications, is: ''(BaseValue/4) + (PriorWork/2) + (NewEnchantmentCost/2) + levels gained &times; (cost-per-level &times; 3/4)''.  If each part in parentheses needs no rounding, then the answer is exact.
-* When the sacrifice is a book, costs are ''significantly'' cheaper than sacrificing a matching item with same enchantment.  This allows enchantment combinations that wouldn't be possible otherwise,  but it also makes it easier to produce an item that can't even be repaired.
-* Sometimes it is good to rename an item while combining it with a book with an incompatible (or duplicate, maxed-out) enchantment to lower the cost, especially if you had no use for the book anyway.
-'''Examples:'''
-* Enchanting a newly crafted Bow with an Infinity I Book: the only cost is 1 * cost-per-level * 3/4 = 8 * 3/4 = 6. No rounding was needed in any steps, so that result is exact.
-* Adding Infinity I to a Bow already enchanted with Power III and Flame I, with Prior Work = 6: Original Base Value is 3*1 + 1*4 + (3*2/2) = 10, and the Modified Base Value is 3*1 + 1*(4/2) + (3*2/2) = 8, 2 enchants, and halved cost-per-level is 1*8/2 = 4. So (8+6+2+4)/2 + 4 = 14 levels. If Infinity I was obtained from another bow instead of a book it would cost 35 levels, 21 more.
-* A Sharpness 4 sword (BV 5, MBV also 5) for the target, and a Looting 2 Book for the sacrifice. Looting costs 4 (per level) × 2 (levels) / 2 (half cost) → 4×2/2→4, and target already has 1 enchantment, so (5+1+4)/2 + 4 → 9 (rather than 23 from item+item sacrifice)
-=== Special Uses of Enchanted Books ===
-[[Enchanted book]]s can produce any [[enchantment]] available to the [[enchanting table]], and some that the enchanting table can't match:
-* Enchantments can be raised to their maximum power, which can be above the table's range.
-* Shears can receive Silk Touch, allowing them to gather cobwebs.
-* Axes can receive some of the sword enchantments:  Sharpness, Smite, or Bane of Arthropods.
-* Even before version 1.7.2, a book can be used to apply Unbreaking to almost any item with durability.  As of version 1.7.2, the enchanting table can apply Unbreaking to more items, but a few of the minor tools still require use of a book.
-Enchanted books can also be combined with each other to produce higher-level or multi-enchantment books.
-== Notes ==
 <references group="note"/>
-== Video ==
-{{/video}}
 [[Category:Minecraft]]
 [[Category:Mechanics]]
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-[[ja:金床の仕組み]]
-[[zh:铁砧机制]]